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Le FIDA au Burkina Faso
Approuvé en septembre 2007, le nouveau Programme d’options stratégiques pour le pays (COSOP) du FIDA au Burkina Faso vise à mettre en place des systèmes institutionnels durables afin de promouvoir des opérations, des politiques et des investissements en faveur des ruraux pauvres centrés sur l’innovation et l’apprentissage. Les objectifs stratégiques du COSOP sont les suivants:
Ces grandes orientations s’articulent autour de stratégies et de politiques thématiques et opérationnelles précises, s’appuyant sur les meilleures pratiques et les enseignements tirés de l’expérience du FIDA dans le pays. En outre, elles sont reliées à des systèmes de savoirs et étayées par des processus politiques au niveau national. Au cours des six prochaines années, le FIDA concentrera ses efforts sur l’harmonisation, l’innovation, le renforcement des partenariats et la concertation sur les politiques. Le Fonds mettra à profit son expérience de terrain afin de renforcer l’efficacité et l’impact de ses opérations dans une optique de collaboration et de responsabilisation réciproque. Le secteur privé sera lui aussi mis à contribution pour la fourniture de biens et de services aux populations rurales. IFAD in Uganda
IFAD supports the Ugandan joint assistance strategy (UJAS) prepared by the country’s development partners. In the context of donor harmonization, IFAD works with development partners who are active in the three sectors in which it is involved. In the agricultural sector the World Bank, Danida and the European Union are important partners. For decentralization, IFAD has cofinanced interventions with the African Development Bank, and in the rural finance sector IFAD’s role is a leading one. To ensure consistency and national ownership the government takes the lead in development initiatives, and IFAD and other development partners provide crucial technical and financial support. In the sector of agricultural productivity, IFAD works with the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries to support agriculture through the National Agricultural Advisory Services Programme and the Vegetable Oil Development Project. Under the lead of the Ministry of Local Government, IFAD supports decentralization and local government through the District Livelihoods Support Programme and the Community Agricultural Infrastructure Improvement Programme. In the area of rural financial services, IFAD works with the Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development to support the rural finance sector through the Rural Financial Services Programme. To increase its own effectiveness at field level, IFAD established a Country Field Presence in 2006. Through this country presence, IFAD participates in donor workgroups and contributes to the ongoing policy dialogue process in the three key sectors. In 2007 the Country Programme Management Team was set up to design and coordinate the management of IFAD-supported programmes and projects. Since September 2007, IFAD has assumed responsibility for direct supervision and loan administration of its two most recent initiatives in the country: the District Livelihoods Support Programme and the Community Agricultural Infrastructure Improvement Programme. This will enable IFAD to work more closely with the government in evaluating programmes and projects and their impacts. Since 1987 decentralization has had a prominent place in the government’s strategy to reduce rural poverty by empowering Uganda’s poor people. Decentralization is one of the key objectives of the country’s sector-wide development plan. Under the lead of the Ministry of Local Government, and in line with the policies set out in the Local Government Sector Investment Plan, IFAD has made a major contribution to the decentralization process. Starting with its earliest operations in Uganda, the organization has provided continuous support for decentralization in collaboration with the Belgian Survival Fund and more recently with the African Development Bank. IFAD puts the empowerment of poor people and their local institutions through decentralization at the forefront of its initiatives. Improving agricultural technologies and marketing
Agriculture is one of the mainstays of Uganda’s economy. Under the umbrella of the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries and within the framework of the PMA, the National Agricultural Advisory Services Programme delivers agricultural advisory services to poor farmers. The aims of the government’s agricultural strategy are to:
The objective is to achieve food self-sufficiency. Although traditional and non-traditional agricultural products will continue to have an important place among exports, sustainable growth will necessarily involve import substitution and export diversification.
Building rural financial services
Working in partnership with the Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development, IFAD invests in Uganda’s rural sector in support of the government’s Rural Financial Services Strategy, which is a cornerstone of the Prosperity for All programme. The strategic objective is to encourage small-scale farmers to save part of their earnings, which gives them some security and an option for investing in greater productivity. Rural finance is a crucial component of the transition from subsistence farming to commercial farming. The IFAD-funded Rural Financial Services Programme works to expand rural financial services and build the capacity of local communities to mobilize savings and provide loans on a sustainable basis. In Uganda, IFAD supports microfinance through local, member-owned SACCOs. IFAD also supports UWESO, a development project that helps orphans and other vulnerable people establish village savings and loan associations and encourages them to invest in alternative livelihood options.
Source: IFAD IFAD in the Republic of Moldova Since 1999 IFAD has invested a total of US$49.2 in four programmes and projects of an overall cost of US$72.5. Developing and providing rural financial services is the focus of all four initiatives, in line with the government’s priorities of reducing rural poverty through agricultural and rural development. The goal is to broaden opportunities for economic growth and for increased employment for rural poor people. The first IFAD-funded project in Moldova was the Rural Finance and Small Enterprise Development Project, approved in 2000 and now completed. Investments were geared towards helping to build up economic and commercial activity amongst the rural poor through support to Savings and Credit Associations (SCAs) and to small enterprise lending. Through the ongoing Agricultural Revitalization Project (ARP) IFAD provides funds for financial services to help poor farmers increase their incomes. The project develops programmes at the community level in a highly participatory manner through village development plans. In the Rural Business Development Programme, which is also ongoing, IFAD builds on earlier operations and contributes to the establishment of a series of investment products and mechanisms, mainly through the formal financial sector and rehabilitation of rural infrastructure. The fourth IFAD-funded project in the country is the Rural Financial Services and Marketing Programme, approved in 2008. IFAD’s strategy in Moldova The overall goal of IFAD’s strategy in Moldova is to reduce poverty by supporting further development of a rural market economy that is based on family-owned and family-managed businesses, both on-farm and off-farm. The strategy’s objectives are to:
Among the innovations that the strategy introduces are:
To strengthen the impact of its initiatives, IFAD includes policy dialogue with regard to issues of relevance to its mandate, and strategic partnerships in its development agenda. The objective is to help poor rural people participate in the benefits of agricultural development and rural economic growth. Working with the government and other donors and partners, IFAD contributes to the consolidation of a cohesive microfinance strategy in which the country’s commercial banks have a crucial role. Through the IFAD-supported Rural Pro-Poor Innovation Challenge (RPPIC) programme, in 2003 IFAD awarded a US$50,000 grant to the Moldova Microfinance Alliance (MMA), a local initiative working with poor people in remote areas. MMA earmarked the funds for setting up savings and credit associations in small rural villages. MMA has also installed cash machines at its 20 best-performing associations, linking them to the alliance’s partner commercial bank. Remittances from Moldova’s workers abroad have an enormous potential as development capital. As a member of an international partnership to increase the benefits of remittances and improve economic opportunities for poor rural people, IFAD supports grants for innovative projects through the Financing Facility for Remittances, part of a new programme that promotes innovative remittances systems. The aim is to increase access to remittances in rural areas by enabling local financial institutions to offer this service, either directly or as agents of commercial banks and remittance operators. Source: IFAD IFAD in Zimbabwe Zimbabwe has been a member of IFAD since the country became independent in 1980. It has worked closely with IFAD in developing programmes that focus on improving the living conditions of poor rural people. In January 2006 however, IFAD’s financial support to all operations in Zimbabwe ceased as a result of non-payment of arrears. Three ongoing projects were closed at that time. The government is now in the process of clearing overdue repayments. IFAD is committed to resuming its development programme to assist the government in reducing poverty as soon as the outstanding issue of arrears and deliverables from the previous operations has been addressed. In the meantime IFAD has provided small grants to the country to fund a range of projects. IFAD’s strategy in Zimbabwe IFAD’s previous portfolio in Zimbabwe was extremely successful in terms of impact and results, and any future initiatives will maintain the same geographical focus and strategic framework. In particular, the Dry Areas Development Programme and the Smallholder Irrigation programme provide important guidelines for future operations in support of smallholder farmers in dry areas. A future strategy must give priority to enhancing economic stability and boosting productivity and incomes. Because of a crucial level of food insecurity, the immediate focus will be on providing smallholder farmers with training in improved agricultural technology, and with inputs such as fertilizers and seeds, to help boost production and productivity.
Source: IFAD IFAD in Zambia IFAD has provided loans totalling US$155.3 million to help finance 11 programmes and projects in Zambia. The first projects were designed to cushion rural poor people from the effects of central planning. Early projects were followed by operations that worked to improve household food security by ensuring support services, increased access to productive assets and dissemination of technical knowledge. IFAD’s strategy in Zambia The primary objective of IFAD’s operations in Zambia is to support the commercialization of smallholder agriculture, in particular by creating links between small-scale farmers and suppliers and market intermediaries, and by improving the availability of rural financial services to small-scale farmers. This objective has been introduced in order to meet the new challenges and opportunities for smallholder development that have been made possible through liberalization. IFAD also helps poor smallholders in remote areas to make best use of natural resources to improve food production and food security. IFAD will promote policy dialogue on issues related to rural financial services, and to the development of policy, regulatory and institutional arrangements for the control of livestock diseases. Programmes and projects are designed to reach out to the poorest and most isolated rural people, including households that are headed by women and/or affected by HIV/AIDS. Because women are largely responsible for food production and income generation within their households, women have a key role in IFAD’s programmes and projects, which are oriented towards reducing poverty by generating income. Country Strategic Opportunities Paper (2004)
Source: IFAD
IFAD in Yemen IFAD has been financing development initiatives in Yemen since 1979. Yemen was one of the first countries to receive loans from the organization. To date IFAD has financed 19 development programmes and projects in Yemen, with a total of US$201.9 in loans. The total cost of the programmes and projects co-funded by IFAD is US$598.9 million. Early IFAD-funded initiatives supported the country’s development strategy, promoting crop intensification in the most suitable areas and building institutional capacity. The primary goal was to improve food security. Later programmes and projects addressed the isolation and marginalization of poor rural people and their exclusion from the benefits of economic activities. The organization invests in programmes and projects in the poorest, marginalized parts of the country, particularly in remote coastal areas and rugged, mountainous zones. The objective is to empower poor people to improve their incomes and standards of living. IFAD supports activities to reduce poverty and conserve natural resources, particularly diminishing renewable water supplies. There are four IFAD-funded projects currently ongoing in Yemen. Recent operations include an area-based development project in Dhamar and further support for environmental protection in the Tihama Plain. IFAD’s 2000-2007 country programme in Yemen helped participating communities establish 450 community development committees and formulate village development plans that are gradually being incorporated into local government planning and budgeting processes. Completed investments in the plans have provided safe drinking water to some 120,000 households, improved the access of isolated communities to markets and services, and provided animal drinking water and irrigation. They have also provided agricultural services in extension and crop protection that have helped increase crop yields. Proposed initiatives have the aim of improving the livelihoods of poor people in fishing villages on the south-west coast, and of poor farmers and herders in the Al Baidha, Taiz and Lahej governorates. IFAD’s strategy in Yemen IFAD’s new country strategic opportunities programme (COSOP) for Yemen covers the period from 2008 to 2013. Its aim is to integrate IFAD’s programme into the country’s poverty reduction strategies and plans for development. The strategic objectives are aligned with the Millennium Development Goals and with Yemen’s national poverty reduction strategy and rural development strategy, as well as with IFAD’s own Strategic Framework 2007-2010. The target of IFAD’s country programme in Yemen includes poor rural people – men, women and young people – and especially those who depend on rainfed agriculture and livestock production systems. The goal of the country programme is to achieve improved, diversified and sustained livelihoods for these people. The new COSOP states the strategic objectives of IFAD’s initiatives in Yemen:
All of the organization’s initiatives work towards achieving direct participation of the people involved, as well as gender balance and environmental sustainability. Gender activities will contribute to the gender mainstreaming strategy that the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation has developed with the support of other donors. Its key objectives are the access of women to extension services, land, microfinance and time-saving technologies. A key ingredient of IFAD’s strategy in Yemen is developing partnerships to achieve synergies and complimentarity. To empower rural communities, IFAD will work with the government to improve linkages between community institutions, civil society organizations and local government structures. To promote sustainable rural financial services, IFAD will support the development of savings and credit associations for poor people in remote rural areas and a broader reach of microcredit organizations. To enhance food security, IFAD will support efforts to restore and increase productivity, working with communities, farmers’ and trade organizations, and the private sector. It will team up with the Global Environmental Facility (GEF) and other potential partners to encourage measures for adapting to climate change. Innovations will include sustainable measures promoting better management of water resources and development of rural financial products, such as crop insurance, to lessen risk.
Source: IFAD IFAD in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela IFAD has approved six loans to the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela for an approximate total of US$80.0 million. The organization also approved two technical assistance grants in 1991 and 1998 for the Regional Training Programme in Rural Development, implemented by the Foundation for Training and Applied Research in Agrarian Reform (CIARA), which is part of the Ministry of Agriculture and Land.
Source: IFAD IFAD in the Republic of Macedonia
The first initiative funded by IFAD was the Southern and Eastern Regions Rural Rehabilitation Project. It established a revolving credit fund, which was the first credit facility in the country to be specifically directed at rural development. The project showed that there was a strong demand for agricultural credit, that lack of financial services is a major constraint to private agriculture, and that group lending is an effective way to give poor rural people access to financial services. The second IFAD-funded initiative was the Agricultural Financial Services Project (AFSP). The overall goal of the AFSP was to raise the standards of living of the rural population in Macedonia through increased and sustainable economic activity that is responsive to the emerging market context. The main part of the IFAD loan was allocated to finance capitalization of the Agricultural Credit Discount Fund (ACDF), a refinancing facility that was the core operational component of the project. The ACDF provided capital to Macedonian financial institutions to finance loans for investment and working capital. Loans to smallholders financed improvements in agricultural and livestock production, and loans to associated small enterprises supported their rural processing, packaging, marketing and trading activities. The ACDF was a highly successful feature of the project, which enabled poor people to reap the full benefits of investments in agriculture. IFAD’s strategy IFAD’s overall objective is to reduce rural poverty by helping poor rural people increase their incomes and living conditions in a sustainable manner. As a way to achieve that objective, the IFAD Rural Finance Policy Paper emphasizes the importance of responding effectively to poor rural people’s need for credit, taking into account:
The organization’s strategy focuses on increasing agricultural productivity, improving product quality and creating employment. Strategic actions include:
IFAD strengthens the capacity of rural financial and microfinance institutions to mobilize savings, cover costs, receive repayment of loans and make a profit, with the aim of increasing their outreach to savers and borrowers and achieving dynamic growth. The principal objectives of the Agricultural Financial Services Project were:
To achieve the first objective, the Agricultural Credit Discount Fund (ACDF) was established to expand commercially viable and affordable sources of rural credit and to shift credit risk to commercial banks. To help meet the second objective, further measures provided support throughout the cycle of agricultural production, processing and marketing, primarily to borrowers from the financial institutions that were eligible to benefit from the ACDF. The Agricultural Investment Centre (AIC) facilitated access to financial and technical services among primary producers and small-scale processors/traders who were potential or actual borrowers from financial institutions participating in the project and whose loans were eligible for refinancing under ACDF rules. The service provided a basis for minimizing production and marketing risks and contributed to enhanced profitability and incomes. The AIC has evolved and has now established private consultancy services that put IFAD’s investment in a sustainable framework. Source: IFAD IFAD in Syria
IFAD works in partnership with the government, other donors, NGOs, local institutions and civil society organizations. It finances initiatives which enable poor rural people in Syria’s agricultural settlement areas to improve their incomes and living conditions. IFAD is working towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals and its interventions endeavour to reduce poverty and promote gender equality and environmental sustainability. The main aims of IFAD’s strategy are to:
Through these goals IFAD continues to orient its activities in Syria towards building up inclusive, sustainable institutional systems for natural resources management, the creation of jobs and income generation. Future interventions will be based on the development of irrigated and rainfed agriculture, the improved management of natural resources, enhanced agricultural research and the extension and promotion of microfinance for income-generating activities. Such activities will be complemented by encouraging pro-poor investments and developing pro-poor policies and relevant innovations. Source: IFAD IFAD in the Kingdom of Swaziland IFAD began operations in Swaziland in 1985 and has provided a total of US$34.3 million in loans. Two projects are currently being implemented. Both closed projects have made positive contributions to improving crop yields and boosting farm incomes through enhanced farmer participation in small-scale irrigated agriculture. IFAD’s strategy in Swaziland The Government of Swaziland, key stakeholders and IFAD jointly formulated the second country strategy in 2006. The country strategy is designed to reduce the high levels of poverty in rural areas and improve food security and livelihoods, especially for the most vulnerable and marginalized members of rural communities – households headed by women, households affected by HIV/AIDS, and young men and orphans. The strategic objectives are to:
IFAD’s intention is to help poor rural households by creating sustainable jobs, reducing poverty and guaranteeing food security. To meet this goal IFAD places emphasis on intensifying agricultural output and supporting smallholders within irrigation schemes, as well as helping develop small rural businesses. In particular, IFAD works to improve linkages to financial services and markets, to support providers of financial and marketing services and to strengthen the capacity of poor rural communities and their institutions. The Government of Swaziland, key stakeholders and IFAD are jointly designing a new investment focusing on rural finance and enterprise development. Source: IFAD IFAD in Sierra Leone Since the organization initiated its first project in the country in 1980, IFAD has provided a total of US$ 78.7 in financing for six loans and three grants for programmes and projects with a total cost of US$137.2.
IFAD’s strategy in Sierra Leone
IFAD supports development in these three areas through financing provided to the RCPRP and RFCIP. Le FIDA au Sénégal Depuis 1979, le FIDA a financé 14 projets de développement rural au Sénégal, pour un montant total de 148,5 millions de dollars. Après une décennie marquée par un partenariat limité en raison des fréquents aménagements de la politique agricole, la coopération s'est intensifiée dans les années 90. Une première série de projets, essentiellement axés sur le développement villageois, la sécurité alimentaire et la protection des ressources naturelles a été lancée.
Stratégie nationale de réduction de la pauvreté
Pour ce faire, le gouvernement compte agir selon quatre axes stratégiques:
IFAD in Sao Tome and Principe
IFAD in Romania IFAD has financed a single project in Romania, the Apuseni Development Project, which was effective from 1999 to 2006. IFAD provided US$16.5 million in loans to finance the project, which had a total cost of US$34.1 million. IFAD in Peru Since 1980, IFAD has made eight loans to Peru for a total of US$124.0 million. With the exception of one project in the Selva Alta, all projects have addressed the needs of small-scale farmers in the highlands, Peru’s poorest region. Peru has also benefited from IFAD regional grants for rural development training. IFAD strategy in Peru IFAD’s strategy for Peru includes four main areas:
Source: IFAD IFAD in Panama Since 1982 IFAD has approved eight loans to Panama for a total of US$80.7 million, for projects with a total cost of US$193.7 million. The organization has also financed three grants for a total of US$325,000.
IFAD investments supports innovations that ensure sustainable benefits for poor rural people, such as:
IFAD in Pakistan
IFAD-funded programmes and projects work to improve the livelihoods and productivity of poor rural people. Operations reach the most disadvantaged communities, particularly communities in remote and marginalized areas across the country, where infrastructure and services are limited, access to inputs and markets is uncertain and institutional capabilities are often inadequate. IFAD works as a partner with the Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund (PPAF) to implement microfinance projects and to support communities that were struck by a devastating earthquake in 2005. Other key IFAD partners in the country include civil society organizations, particularly NGOs, other non-profit organizations and community-based organizations. Many new initiatives, particularly in the dissemination of agricultural technologies and the supply of inputs, involve the private sector. IFAD’s strategy in Pakistan has the aim of combating rural poverty through an emphasis on rural development. The strategy focuses on:
A key part of the strategy is a focus on skill enhancement, vocational training and access to financial services, in order to provide rural people with wider opportunities and promote their linkages and integration with markets and the private sector. As outlined in the country strategic opportunities programme (COSOP) for Pakistan, approved in April 2009, future IFAD operations will include a focus on:
The recent COSOP calls for a new emphasis on areas such as high-value crops, livestock development, market access and the effects of climate change. The main objectives of the country programme are to:
IFAD in Bosnia and Herzegovina IFAD began operations in Bosnia in 1996 shortly after the conclusion of the Dayton peace accord. Since then IFAD has supported four projects in the country and provided a total of US$57.1 million in loans. A fifth project, the Rural Livelihoods Development Project, was approved in December 2008. IFAD’s strategy in Bosnia-Herzegovina Now that the need for emergency assistance has diminished, IFAD’s strategy in Bosnia is to provide long-term support for rural enterprises and help boost agricultural productivity. At government level, IFAD helps promote a suitable policy and institutional framework to support small agricultural and non-agricultural rural enterprises. At farm level, IFAD offers farmers access to rural finance, with loan packages that enable smallholder and subsistence farmers to purchase livestock. Because agricultural productivity is limited, IFAD also supports the wider rural economy, helping stimulate growth among agriculture-related and other rural businesses and providing alternatives to farming as sources of income. These might include bee-keeping, fish farming, processing farm products or agro-tourism. IFAD’s projects contribute to forging close links among farmers and processors and markets. There is growing evidence that improved market linkages can result in better prices for primary products and higher incomes for small farmers. Interventions also help strengthen the supply chain, ensuring that farmers have better access to related services such as animal breeders, veterinary services and financial services. Source: IFAD IFAD in the Dominican Republic
For IFAD, the government’s declaration of the priority of addressing poverty among the poorest and socially excluded people presented an opportunity for the organization to broaden its target groups in the country. IFAD responded by assisting the government in designing policies and programmes to benefit the poorest of the poor, particularly in the border provinces.
The strategy aims at further consolidating efforts to promote gender equity and at helping poor rural people manage the environment in a sustainable way and adapt to climate change. Read more: El FIDA en Argentina El Gobierno argentino está elaborando una Estrategia Nacional de Desarrollo Rural para capitalizar los procesos de crecimiento y reconversión sectorial, e impulsar el crecimiento de las economías provinciales. El apoyo de la agricultura familiar es uno de los pilares de esta nueva estrategia nacional. El Gobierno argentino, con el apoyo del FIDA, ha constituido el Foro Nacional de Agricultura Familiar, que reúne a productores rurales pequeños y medianos de todo el país, para discutir políticas de fomento de este sector. Un proceso similar se está llevando a cabo en el ámbito del Mercado Común del Sur (MERCOSUR) del que Argentina es miembro fundador. Desde el año 2000, el FIDA apoya un programa destinado a crear espacios para el diálogo sobre desarrollo rural y reducción de la pobreza. Este programa se ha llevado a cabo en dos fases: la primera sirvió para promover la convergencia de políticas sobre agricultura familiar entre los países miembros; la segunda, en curso de ejecución, para favorecer la efectiva participación de las asociaciones de pequeños agricultores en los procesos de toma de decisiones sobre las políticas de desarrollo rural en el ámbito del MERCOSUR. Un resultado concreto de este proceso de diálogo político es la reciente creación en Argentina de una Subsecretaría de Desarrollo Rural y Agricultura Familiar. El acceso a la tierra, y la permanencia, es un tema de gran preocupación para los pequeños productores de la subregión. En Argentina, el FIDA apoya a la Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca y Alimentación (SAGPyA) en la recopilación de información sobre experiencias exitosas de resolución de conflictos ligados a la tierra. El FIDA trabaja en estrecha colaboración con donantes internacionales, como el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) y el Gobierno de Italia, para apoyar al gobierno argentino a implementar su política de desarrollo rural. En abril de 2007 se celebró en Buenos Aires un seminario internacional que permitió el intercambio de información y la creación de nuevas alianzas entre los organismos nacionales e internacionales. En breve estará disponible una publicación con los resultados de este trabajo conjunto. La experiencia acumulada en la ejecución de proyectos en Argentina ha demostrado la necesidad de operar en un marco de políticas de desarrollo rural claro y definido. Para dar respuesta a esta necesidad, el Gobierno de Argentina ha decidido ampliar su colaboración con el FIDA pasando del tradicional enfoque de proyecto a una colaboración de ámbito nacional. Un préstamo de 19,3 millones de dólares aprobado por el FIDA en 2007, contribuirá a financiar un programa nacional de desarrollo rural en 10 provincias del país, cuyo costo total asciende a 44,8 millones de millones de dólares. Fuente: FIDA |
2006 Nobel Peace Prize
The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) has welcomed the news of the awarding of a Nobel Peace Prize to Professor Mohammed Yunus and the Grameen Bank.
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